Oil recovery
In general, the first stage in the extraction of crude oil is to drill a well for oil reservoirs underground. Historically, there are some oil wells in America where oil reached the surface in a natural way. But most of these fields are carried out, with the exception of some limited places in Alaska. And often they are drilled many wells for the same warehouse, for economic extraction rate. In some wells are pumping water, steam, or a mixture of different gases into the reservoir to maintain an economic extraction rate.
The use of technical assistance to increase the pressure reservoir by water injection or re-injection of natural gas, and there are those which injects air and carbon dioxide or other gases to the warehouse. The two methods are working together on the initial and additional extraction of approximately 25 to 35% of the warehouse.
The third phase in the extraction of oil depends on reducing oil viscosity to increase production. This stage begins and when you can not all of the way Alambdih, additional oil extraction and the way in, but after confirming the feasibility of using this method economically, and whether the resulting oil will cover the production costs and expected profits from the well. It also depends on the price of oil at the time, where are restarted wells that may have stopped working in the case of high oil prices. Improved methods of extracting oil thermally (Thermally-enhanced oil recovery methods TEOR) is the way the third in the ranking of oil extraction, and oil-based heating and make it easier to extract. Steam injection is the most commonly used techniques in this way, often with are (TEOR) through cogeneration. The idea of cogeneration is used turbine (turbine) gas to produce electricity and the use of waste heat resulting from it to produce steam, which is injected into the reservoir. This method is used extensively to increase oil production in the valley of St. Joaquin, which contains a high density of oil, which represents almost 10% of US production. Another technique used in the method (TEOR), which is burning in-place, and where oil is burned to heat the surrounding oil. And sometimes it is used detergents to reduce the density of the oil. And it is extracted from approximately 5 to 15% of the oil at this stage.
When you increase the pressure underground gas warehouse in order to be sufficient, then the oil starts to come out to the surface under the influence of this pressure. The gaseous fuel or natural gas often be present under natural pressure underground. In this case, the pressure will be enough to put a number of valves at the well head to connect the well to a pipeline network for storage, and operations. This is called the initial oil extraction. And almost only 20% of the oil in the reservoir can be extracted in this way. (First phase) and during the lifetime of the well under pressure, and when the pressure at least to a certain extent, not be enough to push the oil to the surface. Then the remaining portion is extracted in the well additional ways of extracting oil. And various techniques are used in the way of additional oil extraction, to extract the oil from the warehouses that carried compressed or less. Sometimes used by pumps such as continuous pumping pumps, pumps and electrical depths (electrical submersible pumps ESPs) to lift the oil to the surface.
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